Accounting for Fluorine: Production, Use, and Loss
Identifieur interne : 000817 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000816; suivant : 000818Accounting for Fluorine: Production, Use, and Loss
Auteurs : Gara Villalba [Espagne] ; Robert U. Ayres [Autriche] ; Hans Schroder [Danemark]Source :
- Journal of Industrial Ecology [ 1088-1980 ] ; 2007-01.
English descriptors
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Abstract
Fluorine is an essential element to human health and to the chemical industry. In spite of our dependence on fluorine and fluorine compounds, we have yet to learn to use them wisely. Our fluorine history, which spans about a hundred years, has had negative effects such as hydrofluoric acid pollution caused by aluminum smelters and ozone depletion due to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions. More recent concerns center on greenhouse effects from CFCs, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). In this article we note also that fluorine is a nonrenewable resource that is nonsubstitutable for many purposes. This article tracks fluorine from sources through conversion processes to end uses, most of which are dissipative. We present a stock‐flow model of the fluorine system. Based on this model we consider some possible measures that could be taken to increase the degree of recovery. To mention one example, a large percentage of the world demand for fluorspar could be supplied by the phosphate rock (fertilizer) industry, which currently dissipates a great deal of recoverable fluorine in waste phospho‐gypsum.
Url:
DOI: 10.1162/jiec.2007.1075
Affiliations:
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Ayres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>An emeritus professor of Economics and Political Science and Technology Management at INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France, and an institute scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>and an institute scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, Hans" sort="Schroder, Hans" uniqKey="Schroder H" first="Hans" last="Schroder">Hans Schroder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Researcher at the Danish institute Danedi in Helsinge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Industrial Ecology</title><idno type="ISSN">1088-1980</idno><idno type="eISSN">1530-9290</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-01">2007-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="85">85</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="101">101</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1088-1980</idno></series><idno type="istex">01A18A8D12C4FDA320EFE827FF03C6B9FE1039AC</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1162/jiec.2007.1075</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JIEC85</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1088-1980</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>fluorine cycle</term><term>fluorine emissions</term><term>industrial ecology</term><term>materials flow analysis (MFA)</term><term>resource accounting</term><term>substance flow analysis (SFA)</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Fluorine is an essential element to human health and to the chemical industry. In spite of our dependence on fluorine and fluorine compounds, we have yet to learn to use them wisely. Our fluorine history, which spans about a hundred years, has had negative effects such as hydrofluoric acid pollution caused by aluminum smelters and ozone depletion due to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions. More recent concerns center on greenhouse effects from CFCs, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). In this article we note also that fluorine is a nonrenewable resource that is nonsubstitutable for many purposes. This article tracks fluorine from sources through conversion processes to end uses, most of which are dissipative. We present a stock‐flow model of the fluorine system. Based on this model we consider some possible measures that could be taken to increase the degree of recovery. To mention one example, a large percentage of the world demand for fluorspar could be supplied by the phosphate rock (fertilizer) industry, which currently dissipates a great deal of recoverable fluorine in waste phospho‐gypsum.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Autriche</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Espagne</li></country></list><tree><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Villalba, Gara" sort="Villalba, Gara" uniqKey="Villalba G" first="Gara" last="Villalba">Gara Villalba</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ayres, Robert U" sort="Ayres, Robert U" uniqKey="Ayres R" first="Robert U." last="Ayres">Robert U. Ayres</name></noRegion></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Schroder, Hans" sort="Schroder, Hans" uniqKey="Schroder H" first="Hans" last="Schroder">Hans Schroder</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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